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Sains Malaysiana 54(3)(2025): 629-640
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2025-5403-02
Growth and
Nutritional Quality in Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii through Live Mealworm Feeding with Probiotic Enrichment
(Pertumbuhan dan Kualiti Nutrisi dalam
Udang Galah, Macrobrachium rosenbergii melalui Pemakanan Ulat Hidup
dengan Pengayaan Probiotik)
SASHWINIE
MURALI1, CHAIW-YEE TEOH1,3,*, WEY-LIM WONG2,3
1Department of Agricultural and Food
Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti,
Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
Received: 24
August 2024/Accepted: 26 November 2024
Abstract
To
address the gap in sustainable aquaculture, a 17-week feeding trial was
conducted to evaluate locally-sourced mealworms, with and without Bacillus
subtilis probiotic enrichment, as an alternative feed material for giant
freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii), assessing their effects on
growth, feed utilization, and nutritional composition. Five experimental diets
were tested: commercial prawn feed (CPF), CPF combined with live mealworm
(CPF+MW), mealworm alone (MW), probiotic-enriched mealworm (PMW), and CPF combined
with probiotic-enriched mealworm (CPF+PMW). Triplicate groups of 20 prawns were
randomly assigned to each diet. Weight gain among the groups ranged from
421.88% to 529.34%, with no significant differences observed (P >
0.05). Prawns fed CPF exhibited a significantly higher feed conversion ratio
(FCR) (3.72 ± 0.32, P < 0.05), indicating less efficient feed
utilization and leading to increased production costs. While CPF (45.01%) and
MW (52.44%) diets differed significantly in crude protein content, the prawns
fed CPF (59.24%) and MW (60.78%) showed similar crude protein levels. These
results suggest that live mealworms are a viable alternative to commercial feed
for GFP, maintaining growth performance and nutritional quality. Furthermore,
combining live mealworms with commercial feed proves to be an effective feeding
strategy, though enrichment with B. subtilis did not provide additional
benefits for prawn growth or FCR.
Keywords: Bacillus
subtilis; probiotic enrichment; sustainable feed; Tenebrio
molitor
Abstrak
Untuk
menangani jurang dalam akuakultur mampan, suatu kajian pemakanan selama 17
minggu telah dijalankan untuk menilai ulat tempatan dengan dan tanpa pengayaan
probiotik Bacillus subtilis sebagai bahan makanan alternatif untuk udang
galah (Macrobrachium rosenbergii), dengan menilai kesannya terhadap
pertumbuhan, penggunaan makanan dan komposisi nutrisi. Lima diet uji kaji telah
diuji: makanan udang komersial (CPF), CPF digabungkan dengan ulat hidup
(CPF+MW), ulat sahaja (MW), ulat yang diperkaya dengan probiotik (PMW) dan CPF
digabungkan dengan ulat yang diperkaya dengan probiotik (CPF+PMW). Tiga
kumpulan udang sebagai peniga sebanyak 20 ekor secara rawak diberikan bagi
setiap diet. Keputusan menunjukkan peningkatan berat dalam kalangan kumpulan
berbeza antara 421.88% hingga 529.34%, tanpa perbezaan yang signifikan
diperhatikan (P > 0.05). Udang yang diberi makan CPF menunjukkan
nisbah penukaran makanan (FCR) yang lebih tinggi secara signifikan (3.72 ±
0.32, P < 0.05), menunjukkan penggunaan makanan yang kurang cekap dan
menyebabkan peningkatan kos pengeluaran. Walaupun diet CPF (45.01%) dan MW
(52.44%) berbeza dengan ketara dalam kandungan protein kasar, tetapi udang yang
diberi CPF (59.24%) dan MW (60.78%) menunjukkan tahap protein kasar yang
serupa. Keputusan ini mencadangkan bahawa ulat hidup adalah alternatif yang
sesuai untuk makanan komersial bagi GFP, mengekalkan prestasi pertumbuhan dan
kualiti nutrisi. Selain itu, menggabungkan ulat hidup dengan makanan komersial
terbukti sebagai strategi pemakanan yang berkesan, walaupun pengayaan B.
subtilis tidak memberikan manfaat tambahan kepada pertumbuhan atau FCR
udang.
Keywords: Bacillus
subtilis; pemakanan mampan; pengayaan probiotik; Tenebrio
molitor
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